尼泊尔-中国边境突发洪灾致重大伤亡并冲击当地交通和水电项目

Massive flash floods in a border area of Nepal and China on Wednesday killed at least 95 people and left hundreds of tourists, workers and others missing after sweeping through communities and bringing travel in parts of the Himalayan country to a halt.
Officials in Nepal said 403 people, including 341 foreign nationals were reported missing. Sunil Sharma, a Nepal Tourism Board spokesperson, said 133 missing were from India on pilgrimage to Mount Kailash in China's autonomous region of Tibet, a sacred site for Hindus. Also missing were 47 from the United States, 34 from Australia, 33 from the Britain and 24 from Canada, he said, adding that people from at least 26 countries had been present in the affected area.
At least 62 missing Nepali citizens were among hundreds of locals trekking in the Gosaikunda lake in Rasuwa, coinciding with the Nepali festival of Janai Purnima on Friday, Sharma added.
China's state broadcaster CCTV said a mudslide in Tibet's Gyirong County near Nepal killed at least three people and left 265 missing, based on a preliminary count.
Nepal police spokesperson Abi Narayan Kafle, who gave the local death toll, also told The Associated Press that at least 28 police officials were among the missing.
Officials warned residents in several of Nepal's districts to stay away from the banks of the Bhotekoshi, Trishuli and Narayani rivers. The Bhotekoshi flooded around 9 a.m. Wednesday, destroying several villages, roads and hydropower projects, officials said.
"We have asked both India and China to help us with the rescue efforts," said Sasmit Pokharel, a Nepali government spokesperson.
Nepal's steep valleys are economic lifelines and travel corridors but precarious ones when disaster strikes. Images showed what appeared to be the second floors of buildings in hard-hit Nuwakot district slathered in mud after the torrent rushed by. Debris hung from tree branches and wires, vehicles were buried and stunned survivors were caked in mud.
The U.S. Geological Survey reported a magnitude 4.4 earthquake early Wednesday, about 100 kilometers (60 miles) north of Kathmandu, near the border with China's autonomous region of Tibet.
Though the current monsoon season is less favorable for trekking in Nepal, it's a major season for Kailash trekking in Tibet, which follows the route in Nepal's Rasuwa district bordering Tibet's Gyirong.
Countries express alarm over missing citizens
South Korean government officials said citizens working on building a hydropower plant in Nepal were among those reported missing.
Malaysia's foreign ministry said its embassy in Kathmandu received reports from travel agencies that they had lost contact with 11 Malaysians believed to be in the Rasuwa district, also hit hard by floods.
Chinese authorities were conducting large-scale search and rescue operations in the Tibetan border area of Gyirong, according to state broadcaster CCTV. Chinese President Xi Jinping ordered authorities to step up the efforts, state news agency Xinhua reported.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with Nepal's Prime Minister Balendra Shah and offered help. "India is prepared to provide Nepal with all possible types of humanitarian assistance. Our teams are closely coordinating on rescue and relief efforts," Modi said on social media.
In a joint statement, Australia, Britain, the European Union, Finland, France, Norway and Switzerland expressed solidarity with the affected people in Nepal., adding: "We encourage all those in affected areas to follow the guidance of local authorities and official safety advisories as the situation continues to evolve."
The same region saw flash floods last year
The same regions saw similar flash floods in August last year, when a glacial lake in Tibet overflowed because of high temperatures. Nine people were killed, and critical infrastructure, including a bridge connecting Nepal and China, was damaged.
Climate experts at the Kathmandu-based International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development said an avalanche from a glacier likely caused Wednesday's flash flood.
The Lhende Khola River, a tributary of the Bhotekoshi, had maximum flooding Wednesday, they said.
"The Lhende Khola has flooded twice in 14 months, this time triggered by an ice rock avalanche from a glacier on the Nepal side that blocked the river and released a sudden surge downstream," said Saswata Sanyal, a disaster risk reduction specialist at the climate research group.
He noted the importance of early warnings in "a warming Himalaya."
The Himalayan region, which spans several countries including India, is especially vulnerable to heavy rains, floods and landslides because it is warming faster than the rest of the world due to human-caused climate change. Research shows that extreme weather events, including heat waves, rains and melting glaciers, have become more frequent.
Researchers in Kathmandu found earlier this year that glaciers across the Hindu Kush Himalaya region are melting at an accelerating rate, with ice loss rates doubling since 2000, primarily due to rising global temperatures and climate change.