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[Opinion] Mass Production Is Only the Beginning for Solid-State Batteries
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Commercialization will depend on customers, manufacturing ecosystems and real-world validation—not technology alone
EunGyu Kim
Published 2026.07.13 18:21
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Samsung SDI showcased its solid-state batteries at InterBattery 2026 in March. The battery on the left was the company's first solid-state battery designed for robotic applications, while the one on the right is intended for electric vehicles.
Solid-state batteries, long regarded as the "holy grail" of battery technology, are moving closer to commercialization. Samsung SDI has officially announced plans to begin mass production in 2027, while Toyota and CATL are targeting 2027–2028 as the starting point for product launches and initial production.
Mass production marks the moment when the technology moves from concept to reality. At the same time, however, it represents the beginning of a much larger challenge. Beyond manufacturing lies the more difficult task of creating a viable market. Applications must expand, customers must complete qualification processes, and products must ultimately secure commercial supply agreements. Even the highest-performing battery cannot succeed without customers willing to adopt it.
Solid-state batteries offer higher energy density and greater safety than conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, they remain expensive to manufacture because they require costly materials such as lithium sulfide and high-temperature, high-pressure production processes. As a result, early adoption is likely to focus on applications where performance outweighs cost.
Robots are among the leading candidates. Their limited internal space makes high energy density and safety equally critical. The same applies to advanced air mobility aircraft and drones, where battery weight directly affects flight range and payload capacity. Aerospace, specialized industrial equipment and premium electric vehicles are also viewed as promising early markets. Mass-market EVs, by contrast, are expected to require a longer commercialization timeline because they must demonstrate long-term durability across diverse climates while meeting stringent crash safety requirements.
Customer collaboration will also play a crucial role in building the initial market. Earlier this year, an executive at a battery inspection equipment supplier noted that solid-state battery samples that passed quality inspections at cell manufacturers sometimes showed different performance characteristics during evaluations by automotive customers. Aligning quality standards through joint validation with customers, the executive said, is one of the industry's most important tasks.
Building a robust ecosystem will be equally important. China's dominance in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries was achieved not only through technology but also through an integrated supply chain. By establishing a value chain spanning phosphate mining, materials, battery cells and finished vehicles, Chinese companies strengthened both cost competitiveness and manufacturing efficiency. Technology and market development advanced together. The same approach will be necessary for solid-state batteries, requiring materials suppliers, equipment makers, cell manufacturers and customers to jointly develop the market while improving production efficiency. Success will not be determined solely by which company achieves higher energy density first. Companies that consistently deliver stable quality, complete customer qualification and convert that into commercial supply will be the ones that ultimately lead the market.
Samsung SDI's solid-state battery program was recently included in the South Korean government's "Three Mega Projects for Korea's Next Leap Forward" initiative. The company plans to develop its Ulsan facility into a mass-production base for solid-state batteries. At InterBattery 2026 in March, Samsung SDI also unveiled its first solid-state battery designed for robotic applications. As competition in next-generation batteries intensifies, South Korea's battery industry has an opportunity to remain at the forefront. The industry must now prepare not only for mass production, but also for everything that follows.
giddk1206@thelec.kr
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