Chevron、Eni和GE Vernova在委内瑞拉签署能源投资协议，Chevron拟投70亿美元扩产

Executives from Chevron Corp., GE Vernova Inc. and Eni SpA joined US Energy Secretary Chris Wright and acting Venezuelan President Delcy Rodríguez to unveil a wave of energy deals aimed at boosting crude production in the South American nation.

The companies announced the agreements as part of a signing ceremony in Caracas on Wednesday, where Wright said the deals represented “tens of billions” worth of investments that marked a “transformation for Venezuela.” Rodríguez said the historic moves will soon create economic growth, while thanking US President Donald Trump for his administration’s efforts to reach “win-win” deals.

The deals represent the most significant capital investment by energy companies into the country since US special forces captured its former leader Nicolás Maduro in January. Just about nine months after Maudro’s ouster, the Trump administration is showing major progress in its goal to dramatically increase crude output in the Americas.

“We are massively interested in expanding energy production in Americas,” Wright said at the ceremony. “This is our neighborhood.”

Venezuela holds the world’s largest reserves, but its fossil fuel industry has been worn down by years of mismanagement, corruption and sanctions. The US government separately negotiated earlier this week for a 35% stake in North American Blue Energy Partners, a privately held company granted 100-year concessions in 17 Venezuelan oil fields.

Read More: Trump’s Venezuela Oil Grab Reprises Industry’s Neocolonial Past

Chevron plans to invest $7 billion over the next five years through its joint venture partnerships to more than double crude production in Venezuela, the largest financial commitment so far in the US government-led push.

Houston-based Chevron won the right to develop two giant oil fields in the Carabobo area of the prolific Orinoco Belt, it said in a statement on Wednesday. The fields, Carabobo 1 and Carabobo-2-South-A, are located next to Chevron’s Petroindependencia joint venture, in which it has a 49% stake.

Bloomberg News reported Chevron’s move for the two fields earlier this week.

“We’re building a very formidable position in what we consider to be some of the best geology in the country,” Chief Executive Officer Mike Wirth said in an interview. “This is multiple billions of barrels of resource in place.”

Wirth declined to comment on the US investment in NABEP, but said he appreciates the Trump administration’s commitment to “commercial solutions” that will benefit both countries. “The administration recognizes Venezuela’s energy resources can be an engine for both American energy security and Venezuelan economic recovery.”

He said Chevron has “significant protections” built into the deal to safeguard its investments, but declined to go into detail about the contracts. The company expects to add some of Venezuela’s reserves back onto its books after taking a write-off some years ago, he said.

Read More: Trump’s Oil Deal Riles Both Sides of Venezuelan Politics

Italy’s Eni will start drilling operations in the Junin 5 block on Thursday, CEO Claudio Descalzi said in the Caracas ceremony that took place at the presidential palace. Junin 5 has “enormous potential,” Descalzi said, as it holds more than 35 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

Eni said in a statement that its 25-year contract makes it the exclusive operator of the Junin 5 block

GE Vernova Inc. has committed to a strategic alliance with Venezuela’s PDVSA to restore and strengthen electricity and energy infrastructure, according to details announced during the ceremony. State power company Corpoelec also signed an agreement with GE Vernova.

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There are also efforts underway to restructure Venezuela’s debt, Wright said in the Bloomberg Television interview in Caracas.

“Venezuela’s got a lot of historical debt,” Wright said in the interview. “These fields will be developed for the benefit of the Venezuelan people, for the benefit of Americans and for the benefit of global energy markets.”

Speaking in a separate Bloomberg TV interview in Caracas, Wirth said increased Venezuelan supply will hit the market “gradually” and would not be a quick-fix for shipping disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz.

“These things work on different time cycles,” he said. “The investments here in Venezuela will take years.”

Read More: How the US Is Taking Direct Control of Venezuelan Oil

Until now, smaller private companies have been leading the US charge to negotiate oil deals in Venezuela. Progress has been slow, and they don’t have the same financial power as Chevron for the large-scale drilling and production equipment needed to ramp up output.

Chevron expects to be producing about 600,000 barrels of oil a day from Venezuela by 2031, more than double its current levels. The country’s deep resource potential will last for “decades,” and total costs are expected to be less than $20 a barrel, the company said in the release.

Brent crude traded for about $95 a barrel Wednesday, implying a significant profit margin. Chevron typically exports its Venezuelan crude to refineries on the US Gulf Coast, which turn it into products such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.

Chevron’s additional 300,000 barrels a day over the next five years represents a nearly 30% uplift in Venezuelan production of about 1.1 million barrels a day. Even so, without further investment the country would remain significantly below the nearly 3.5 million barrels a day it was producing in the late 1990s, before former President Hugo Chávez nationalized the industry.

Rivals ExxonMobil Holdings Corp. and ConocoPhillips quit the country in the mid-2000s after their assets were nationalized. But Chevron chose to stay, instead negotiating deals that allowed the company to keep pumping crude. It was an unusual arrangement that drew criticism in both the US and Venezuela.

American critics accused the company of funneling money to a corrupt regime, while some in Venezuela saw it as an enduring symbol of US imperialism. Chevron’s operations were limited for much of the past decade due to on-again, off-again US sanctions. That mostly constrained it to maintaining equipment and reclaiming debt owed by its partner, state-owned Petróleos de Venezuela SA, known as PDVSA.

Chevron, for its part, said its presence helped stabilize Venezuela’s economy, providing dollars at a time of hyperinflation and economic disarray, while also supplying crude to the global oil market. It also left Chevron in the pole position when the Trump administration removed Maduro earlier this year.

The deal benefits from the good condition of the company’s existing operations in the country, Wirth said. “That is due to the dedication and commitment of these good people that worked through years of uncertainty and anxiety.”